Classical genetic and quantitative trait loci analyses of. Heterosis and the nature and combining ability was studied in 7. Twelve of the hybrids have been reported previously to have a low heterotic response while have a high. Combining ability and heterosis in maize zea mays l. Heterosis was discovered in maize about a century ago and has subsequently been found to occur in many crop species. Gene expression analyses in maize inbreds and hybrids with. Heterosis is used to increase yields, uniformity, and vigor. Despite its importance in maize production, we know surprisingly little about the genetic basis of heterosis. Heterosis has been observed in many plant and animal species 1, 2. Journal of bioscience and agriculture research, 182, pp. Information on heterosis and combining ability of adapted maize zea mays l. Pdf determination of heterosis in maize hybrids is necessary for their commercial exploitation. Estimation of heterosis for grain yield and architectural. Heterosis is prevalent for multiple traits in diverse.
A wide range of microbiome features display heterosis within individual crosses, consistent with patterns for nonmicrobial maize phenotypes. It is a versatile crop with wider genetic variability and able to grow successfully throughout the world covering tropical, subtropical and temperate agroclimatic. H99 to study heterosis by procedures of classical genetic and quantitative trait loci qtl analyses. Genetic diversity, specific combining ability, and. S1 and materials and methods including the reciprocal triploid and diploid hybrids, mo17. Springer3 1usdaars, plant genetics research unit, and division of plant sciences, university of missouri, columbia, missouri, united states of america, 2usdaars, u.
Standard heterosis for grain yield in maize hybrids. Heterosis and combining ability in a diallel among elite inbred lines. The information generated by this study could be useful for researchers who need to develop high yielding maize hybrids. Ppt heterosis powerpoint presentation free to view. Pdf standard heterosis of pipeline maize zea mays l. Heterosis, combining ability and their interrelationship. Heterosis and combining abilityamong subtropical and temperate intermediate maturity maize germplasm. Maize is thought to have originated at least 5000 years ago in the highlands of mexico, peru, ecuador, andor bolivia because of the great density of native forms found in the region. We have used expression profiling to determine whether the level, or types, of nonadditive gene expression vary in maize hybrids. Estimation of heterosis and combining ability in maize. Background heterosis describes the superior phenotypes observed in hybrids relative to their inbred parents. Study on heterosis and combining ability linkedin slideshare. Gibberellins and heterosis in maize plant physiology. To quantify heterosis in diploid and triploid hybrids, field experiments were conducted in the summers of 2008 and 2009 to measure nine traits in eight maize lines fig.
If mphcorrelated genes contribute significantly to heterosis, this role should be interpretable in terms of quantitative genetics. Combining ability and heterosis for yield and yield. May 01, 2007 the exploitation of heterosis is one of the most outstanding advancements in plant breeding, although its genetic basis is not well understood yet. Genotypebyenvironment interactions affecting heterosis. Heterosis and nuclear dna content in maize heredity. Maize is a model system for studying heterosis due to the high levels of yield heterosis and commercial use of hybrids. Manual for hybrid rice seed production download ebook pdf. One of the reasons for using such wide crosses is to obtain heterosis. The objective of this study was to quantify the physiological basis of heterosis for grain yield in maize by examining maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines in. Heterotic loci analysis for root traits of maize seedlings. For leaf microbiomes, these results were supported by the observation that broadsense heritability in hybrids was substantially higher than narrowsense heritability.
The proceedings of the third conference of agricultural development research, held on 2224 december, 1990. Melchinger1, 1 institute for plant breeding, seed science, and population genetics. Heterosis is manifested in increased size, growth rate, and other parameters in the f 1 generation in crosses between inbred lines, and exploitation of heterosis is largely responsible for the tremendous increase in maize yield in the united states between the1930s. Heterosis and combining ability is prerequisite for developing a good economically viable maize variety. Combing ability, gene action and heterosis estimation in. Physiological basis of heterosis for nitrogen use efficiency. Cm49, their f1 hybrid which displayed significant heterosis, were examined with regard to response to exogenous gibberellin a3 ga3, and in their ability to metabolize ga20, a native ga of maize. The exploitation of heterosis is one of the most outstanding advancements in plant breeding, although its genetic basis is not well understood yet. Heterosis, combining ability and type of gene actions in a 6x6 diallel of maize. Heterosis and heterotic patterns among maize landraces for forage lopez cesar gabriel 1, bertoia luis maximo 1, and burak ruggero 1 abstract corn silage is a highquality forage crop used in many areas of the world. In this study, we intended to detect quantitative trait loci qtl for midparent heterosis under infestation with the mediterranean corn borer mcb, sesamia nonagrioides lef. Endogenous gibberellin galike substances in apical meristem cylinders were also higher in the hybrid than in either inbred, both on a per plant and per gram dry weight. Heterosis of leaf and rhizosphere microbiomes in field.
Heterosis and genetic diversity in variety crosses ofmaize. In this study 6 x 6 full diallel cross involving genetically divergent maize inbred lines was performed with the aim of developing. This provides the sustainable, economically justifiable and environmentally friendly means of controlling plant diseases. It is the worlds most widely grown cereal and is the primary staple food in many developing countries. Inbreeding depression and heterosis in maize was initially documented by george h. Maize is the most important cereal crop produced on 2. Diallel analysis and estimation of heterosis in single cross maize hybrids. Heterosis is the superior performance of f1 hybrid progeny relative to the parental phenotypes. Combining ability for growth parameter and yield components were evaluated in a 7. Hybrid maize performs significantly and differently depending on.
This research was conducted on the materials arising from the maize single cross b73. Estimation of genetic diversity and distance among tropical maize zea mays l. Ameta2, rupal dhoot3, ramesh kumar1 and varun kumar badaya1 1department of plant breeding and genetics, 2department of horticulture, rajasthan college of. Heterosis most of the maize varieties grown in the u. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Schull and first proposed in 1914 see hayes 1952 and is usually described in terms of the. Heterosisrelated genes under different planting densities in.
Edwards heterosis is the foundation of modern maize breeding programs. The heterosis concept, defined over a century ago, continues to be applied in the production of several hybrids from different vegetable species. Under controlled environment andor field conditions, vegetative growth height, internode length, leaf area, shoot dry weight, grain yield was greater in an f1 maize hybrid than in either parental inbred. Heterosis of leaf and rhizosphere microbiomes in fieldgrown. Corn maize nearly all field corn grown in most developed nations exhibits heterosis. Hull fh 1945 recurrent selection for specific combining ability in corn. Heterosis, combining ability and their interrelationship for morphological and quality traits in yellow maize zea mays l.
Pdf estimation of heterosis for quantitative characters. Genotypebyenvironment interactions affecting heterosis in maize. We have used expression profiling to determine whether the level, or types, of nonadditive gene. Heterosis is prevalent for multiple traits in diverse maize. Nov, 2017 study on heterosis and combining ability 1. Study on heterosis and combining ability in bottle gourd presented by. This study was conducted to determine heterosis and combining ability of selected inbred lines for yield and yield components. Further basic research on heterosis pattems should be conducted to obtain information on the development of singlecross hybrids that maximize the expression of heterosis.
Heterosis and planting density contribute to gy improvement. Heterosis or hybrid vigor is the principal reason for the success of the commer cial maize industry. The highest specific heterosis was obtained for the br 105 x ba iiituson crossing. Heterosis in rnaize single crosses derived from ayellow. Moll rh, clark cockerham c, stuber cw, williams wp 1978 selection responses, geneticenvironmental interactions and heterosis with recurrent selection for yield in maize. Genetic dissection of yieldrelated traits and midparent heterosis for. Exploitation of heterosis is an efficient strategy to increase crop production, improve quality, and enhance resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
The inbreds also displayed significant elongation of. Various models have been posited to explain heterosis, including dominance, overdominance, and pseudooverdominance. Dec 10, 2019 heterosis for grain yield in maize was attributed to heterosis for leaf size, maximum lai, leaf staygreen traits, sustaining rate of photosynthesis during the grain filling period and larger. Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is the increased performance of hybrid progeny compared to their inbred parents. There have been four principal and several minor theories regarding the origin of maize. In maize, for example, the hybrid offspring of two inbred lines that descend from the two major ancestral pools of maize will usually be taller and have larger ears cobs. In this study we measured 25 traits in a set of 47 maize hybrids and their inbred parents.
Farmers are always on the lookout for better maize hybrids in the competitive seed market. In this study, we investigated maternal and paternal effects on heterosis as well as the tradeoff between heterosis and planting density for gy improvement. Pdf the knowledge of gene action and heterosis also helps in identification of superior f 1 hybrids in order to use further in future breeding. Moll 1965 showed a relationship between genetic distance and heterosis for yield in maize. Click download or read online button to get manual for hybrid rice seed production book now. Methods the inbred lines from an association mapping panel were crossed to a common inbred line, b73, to generate nearly 300 hybrid genotypes. Estimation of heterosis for grain yield and architectural traits in yellow seeded maize zea mays l. Heterosis and heterotic patterns among maize landraces for. Genomewide metaanalysis of maize heterosis reveals the. Heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for maize yield per plot and yield.
Gibberellins, amylase, and the onset of heterosis in maize seedlings. Jbar diallel analysis heterosis single cross maize hybrids. Heterosis is prevalent for multiple traits in diverse maize germplasm sherry a. Manual for hybrid rice seed production download ebook. Frontiers qtl for maize midparent heterosis in the. Combining ability and heterosis for yield and component characters in maize m. Combining ability and heterosis for yield and component. Heterosis and heterotic patterns among maize landraces for forage. Heterosis refers to the phenomenon that progeny of diverse varieties of a species or crosses between species exhibit greater biomass, speed of development, and fertility than both parents. The increase in yield as a result of the cultivation of hybrid offspring ranges from 15 to 50%, depending on the crop lippman and zamir, 2007. Notably, the heterosis of mules the ability to perform more work with fewer resources was widely utilized in agriculture prior to mechanization.
In maize crops, however, the use of heterosis developed in such a unique way that hybridization was recommended as a valuable breeding method. Heterosis, also known as hybrid vigor, is a phenomenon where an organism has greater vigor than its distantly related parents and is the opposite of inbreeding depression. Genomic dosage effects on heterosis in triploid maize pnas. The leaf sheath elongation response to ga3 was far greater for the imbreds than for their hybrid. Twentyfive f1 maize hybrids were analysed with respect to their nuclear dna content. Printed in brazil received 19 march 2009 accepted 23 june 2009 heterosis and heterotic patterns among maize landraces for forage lopez cesar gabriel 1, bertoia luis maximo 1, and burak. Information on heterosis and combining ability among maize germplasm is essential in maximizing the effectiveness of hybrid development. Adaptedness and heterosis in corn and mule hybrids a. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and yield. Gibberellins, amylase, and the onset of heterosis in maize. Nitrogen is an important nutrient that affects crop development and grain yield.
In this perspective, we consider that it might be useful to the field to. Singlecrosses across environments the research aimed to study heterosis, combining ability and performance along with. Estimation of heterosis and combining ability in maize zea. Nature of gene action and genetic parameters for disease resistance are important attributes in developing resistant cultivars. Information on the heterotic patterns and combing ability among maize germplasm is essential in maximizing the effectiveness of hybrid development beck et al. Therefore, these genes might play important roles in maize heterosis.
Despite the importance of heterosis and the efforts to comprehend this phenomenon, its molecular bases are still unknown. Ppt heterosis powerpoint presentation free to view id. Shull 1952 coined the term heterosis and defined it as. Combining ability performance and heterotic grouping of maize zea. Maize exhibits heterosis for a wide range of traits, however the magnitude of heterosis is highly variable depending on the choice of parents and the traits measured. Eight inbred lines were crossed in a diallel mating system. Heterosis, plant breeding, combining ability, maize, quantitative breeding.
Rohman plant breeding division, bangladesh agricultural research institute joydebpur, gazipur, bangladesh abstract. The objectives of this study were to estimate i heterosis and specific combining. The objective of this study was to quantify the physiological basis of heterosis for grain yield in maize by examining maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines in terms of grain yield and its. Heterosis for grain yield in maize was attributed to heterosis for leaf size, maximum lai, leaf staygreen traits, sustaining rate of photosynthesis during the grain filling period and larger. To this end, we analyzed the 1,999 mphcorrelated genes from thiemann et al. Twenty eight varieties of maize of different maturi ties and types of endosperm were. Vancouver karim ms, ahmed s, akhi ah, amiruzzaman m and karim anma. Hybrid breeding methods are used in maize, sorghum, rice, sugar beet, onion, spinach, sunflowers, broccoli and to create a more psychoactive cannabis. Hybrid maize performs significantly and differently depending on the nitrogen conditions, but.
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